{"id":11354,"date":"2013-12-31T13:49:48","date_gmt":"2013-12-31T10:49:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/?p=11354"},"modified":"2014-06-08T11:52:47","modified_gmt":"2014-06-08T08:52:47","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a9-1326%d9%87%d9%80-1908%d9%85-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/?p=11354","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0646\u0629 1326\u0647\u0640 – 1908\u0645.. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h3>\n

<\/h3>\n

\u0633\u0646\u0629 1326\u0647\u0640 – 1908\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0627\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0647\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627 <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0644 ( \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643 ) \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0627\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0631 ( \u064a\u0644\u062f\u0632 ) \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0632\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1387\u0647\u0640, \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0647 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0651\u062e\u0648\u0627 ( \u0641\u0623\u0631\u063a\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0647 )<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0634\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629.\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u062d\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0644, \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 ) \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a: \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641, \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a, \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645, \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645, \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u2013 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647, \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062f\u062d \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0647\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0637\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062d\u0637 \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062d\u0637 \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0633\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1346\u0647\u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647, \u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0628\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u064a\u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0631\u0649\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629, \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 ) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642, \u0648\u0639\u0637\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647.\"Untitled-1\"<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629, \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647, \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647, \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631, \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632, \u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 ( \u0646\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0631 ) \u0641\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0645\u0646 11-17 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1908\u0645, \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643:<\/span><\/p>\n

1 \u2013 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 ( \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0629 ) \u0648 ( \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 )[1]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0631\u062a , \u0648\u0647\u064a :<\/span><\/p>\n

2 \u2013 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a( \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 ) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a.[2]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

3 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n

4 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644 : \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1934\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1925\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 : \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 , \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a , \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1908\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062f\u0631 ( \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 ) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 , \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

[1]<\/span><\/a>.. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 : \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d, \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 , \u0641\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d , \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 , \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 , \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u2013 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 , \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u061f \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647, \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a ( \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 ) \u064a\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a , \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 : (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641- \u062c 3\/\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 )<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0633\u0646\u0629 1326\u0647\u0640 – 1908\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f, \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641, \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621, \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1328\u0647\u0640. \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":11723,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[23],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11354"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11354"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11354\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12049,"href":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11354\/revisions\/12049"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11354"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}