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\u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 (Era) \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 (Period) \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0628 (Epoch) \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 (Stage).<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 (Formation):<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a (Fossils):<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0631\u062e \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a (paleontology) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a (Tectonic Setting):<br \/>\n\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 (Structures) \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642 (faults) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a (folds) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Structural geology).<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Weathering and Erosion):<br \/>\n\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0647 (Weathering) \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-13484\" src=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a-300x212.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\" width=\"300\" height=\"212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.jpg 550w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Erosion) \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Sedimentary Processes):<br \/>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 (\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Mineral Deposits):<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641<br \/>\n\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 28824 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u00a0 \u00a0 00 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a048 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 44<br \/>\n\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 00 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a047 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 42<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u00a0 \u00a000 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a020 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 32<br \/>\n\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u00a0 \u00a0 00 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a051 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 29<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0623.<br \/>\n\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629<br \/>\n\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646(1) <a href=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/IMG_6208.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-13485\" src=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/IMG_6208-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_6208\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/IMG_6208-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/IMG_6208-1024x684.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 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loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13486\" src=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0628\u062d\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641-300x173.jpg\" alt=\"\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0628\u062d\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0628\u062d\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641.jpg 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13486\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a 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\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<br \/>\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641:<br \/>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0642\u0628\u0644 65 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629) \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 (100 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629).<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0645\u0629:<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 65 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 (Paleocene) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u062b\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0635\u0629\u2026 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 (\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a (Type Locality) \u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<a href=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639-\u0627\u0645-\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-13487\" src=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639-\u0627\u0645-\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629-300x252.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\" width=\"300\" height=\"252\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Cherty) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629).<br \/>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a (\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639-\u0627\u0645-\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0629-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-13488\" src=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639-\u0627\u0645-\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0629-2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0629 2\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639-\u0627\u0645-\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0629-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639-\u0627\u0645-\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0629-2.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 (\u0623\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0645\u0629) \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 (M. Eocene) \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\n\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a:<br \/>\n\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 (L\/M.Miocene) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 (conglomertic limestone) \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a.<br \/>\n\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644:<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 (M. Miocene) \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0629:<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (U. Miocene) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 (Pliocene) \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a (\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-13489\" src=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a-1-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 1\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a-1-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a-1-310x205.jpg 310w, https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a-1.jpg 550w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629:<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (Recent) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a (Quaternary) \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641, \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.75 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 (Fluvial sediments) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062e (Sabakha) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Sanddunes) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 (Eoline sediments) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641:<br \/>\n1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 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