![\"najef2\"](\"https:\/\/alhikmeh.org\/doccenter\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/najef2.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 <\/span> <\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062d) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643: \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u060c <\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062d \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a <\/span> <\/p>\n \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n 2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1316\u0647\u0640:<\/span> <\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u062a1331).<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0634.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0640 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 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(\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644) (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 1938) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a 1\/4\/1957. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0645) (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641) \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1971\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1972 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644: (\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645) (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 1939) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\u0648\u062c\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 (\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b) \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 1954) \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 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